Background
Methods
Search strategy and selection criteria
Data extraction and risk of bias assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Study selection and characteristics
First author’s name | Year of publication | Country | Number of participants | Age, years | Percentage of the female, % | PSP measurement | Standard reference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Method | cutoff | Method | Timepoint at assessment | |||||||
Llewelyn | 2013 | UK | 162 | 65.9 (52.0–76) | 42 | Recombinant human PSP/reg 1α was used to generate an isoform-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the sandwich technique [16] | 30 ng/ml | The 2001 International Sepsis Definitions Conference definitions of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis were used [36], sepsis being defined as SIRS plus either proven infection (on the basis of microbiological sampling or radiology) or probable infection (considering the patient’s clinical presentation, white cell count, CRP, radiology). | NR | |
Schlapbach | 2013 | Switzerland | 137 | 0–72 h | 37 | The levels of PSP were determined using an isoform-specific ELISA [16] | 0.1 ng/ml | culture results, perinatal sepsis risk factors, clinical signs of sepsis and laboratory test results [37] | 24–72 h after admission | |
Palmiere | 2015 | Switzerland | 40 | 54.7 (39–78) | 24 | The levels of PSP/reg in postmortem serum were determined using a commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Homo sapiens REG1a ELISA kit, USCN Life Science Inc., Houston TX, USA) according to manufacturer protocol | 1.0 mg/ml | Evidence of pneumonia or abdominal infection along with the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) according to the definition by the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) [38] | NR | |
Rass | 2016 | Egypt | 104 | 12–72 h | NR | PSP which was measured using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (MyBiosource/ MBS285689, San Diego, California, USA) | 12.96 ng/mL | Perinatal sepsis risk factors, clinical signs of sepsis, results of conventional laboratory tests (WBC < 10,000 or > 26,000/𝜇L), immature leukocyte count > 10%, platelet count < 150,000/𝜇L, CRP (> 5 mg/L), and culture results | 24–72 h after admission | |
García de Guadiana-Romualdo | 2017 | Spain | 152 | 66 (16–97) | 42 | PSP levels were measured on microplate assays, using a sandwich isoform-specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) [16] | 96.6 ng/mL | Sepsis-3 criteria [3] | NR | |
Klein | 2021 | Switzerland | 90 | 48.5 ± 18.8 | 20 | 60.12 ng/mL | Sepsis-3 criteria [3] | First 10 days after trauma | ||
Pugin | 2021 | France, Switzerland, Italy, and the UK | 243 | 65.0 (54.0–73.0) | 37 | The Sepsis-3 criteria were used to define sepsis, and microbiological procedures were performed to diagnose infections responsible for sepsis according to local protocol [3] | ||||
de Hond | 2022 | Netherlands | 156 | 60.0 (44.5–73.0) | 47 | PSP values were measured with the CE-marked IVD PSP capsule on abioSCOPE® platform (Abionic SA, Epalinges, Switzerland) | 500 ng/mL | Likelihood of infection was assessed using a predefined, four-point scale (ascending from none, possible, probable, to definite), as described by the Centers for Disease Control and International Sepsis Forum Consensus Conference [41] | NR | |
Saleh | 2023 | Egypt | 280 | 13 | 58 | PSP values were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (copeptin kit: Shanghai SunRed Biological Technology Co., Shanghai, China; PSP kit: Human PSP, China; APOA5 kit: MultiScience [Lianke] Biotech, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China). | 9.79 ng/mL | International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference, characterizing septic, severe septic, and septic shock groups [42] | NR |
Diagnostic performance of PSP
Population | Number of participants | Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive Likelihood Ratio | Negative Likelihood Ratio | Diagnostic Odds Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neonates | 241 | 0.91 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.66 (0.58, 0.74) | 3.97 (0.53, 29.58) | 0.13 (0.02, 1.00) | 31.27 (0.97, 1004.6) |
Adults | 445 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.90) | 0.72 (0.67, 0.78) | 4.09 (1.69, 9.92) | 0.19 (0.08, 0.49) | 22.74 (4.25, 121.73) |