Introduction
Methods
Study design and data collection
NT-proBNP assessment
Aims
Statistical analyses
Results
Patients
All Patients n 499 | High NT-proBNP n 68 | Low NT-proBNP n 431 | p* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Male sex | 259 (52.0) | 32 (47.1) | 227 (52.7) | 0.443 |
Age, yrs – median [IQR] | 66 [52–77] | 82.0 [74.0–88.0] | 63.0 [50.5–75.0] | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 – median (IQR) | 28.7 [25.6–32.8] | 28.4 [25.5–33.5] | 28.7 [25.7–32.6] | 0.873 |
Ever smoked | 107 (21.4) | 17 (25.0) | 90 (20.9) | 0.707 |
Hypertension | 245 (49.1) | 57 (83.8) | 188 (43.6) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 171 (34.3) | 30 (44.1) | 141 (32.7) | 0.072 |
Diabetes mellitus | 103 (20.7) | 25 (36.8) | 78 (18.1) | 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 32 (6.4) | 10 (14.7) | 22 (5.1) | 0.006 |
Coronary heart disease | 36 (7.2) | 14 (20.6) | 22 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 38 (7.6) | 22 (32.4) | 16 (3.71) | < 0.001 |
Chronic heart failure | 26 (5.2) | 14 (20.6) | 12 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 48 (9.6) | 26 (38.2) | 22 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 67 (13.4) | 12 (17.6) | 55 (12.8) | 0.346 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 15 (3.0) | 7 (10.3) | 8 (1.9) | 0.002 |
COPD | 39 (7.8) | 12 (17.6) | 27 (6.3) | < 0.003 |
Laboratory blood tests – median [IQR) | ||||
Leukocytes, µL×10^3 | 6.5 [4.98–8.44] | 8.55 [6.54–11.7] | 6.30 [4.84–8.04] | < 0.001 |
Lymphocytes, µL×10^3 | 1.06 [0.74–1.50] | 0.80 [0.49–1.18] | 1.10 [0.79–1.54] | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 [0.71–1.12] | 1.25 [0.98–1.80] | 0.87 [0.68–1.06] | < 0.001 |
Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.6 [12.3–14.6] | 12.4 [10.9–13.4] | 13.8 [12.5–14.7] | < 0.001 |
LDH, U/L | 287 [233–378] | 392 [272–501] | 281 [228–362] | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 7.85 [3.18–14.2] | 11.2 [5.20–24.0] | 7.10 [3.00–13.0] | < 0.001 |
D-Dimer, ng/mL | 700 [440–1232] | 1130 [680–2365] | 670 [426–1100] | < 0.001 |
hs-cTnT, ng/L | 0 [0-19.6] | 50.7 [29.7–100] | 0.00 [0.00-14.3] | < 0.001 |
NT-proBNP and in-hospital complications and mortality
All Patients n 499 | High NT-proBNP n 68 | Low NT-proBNP n 431 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p* | |
Acute heart failure | 25 (5.0) | 17 (25) | 8 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation^ | 32 (6.4) | 10 (14.7) | 22 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Need for invasive mechanical ventilation | 45 (9.0) | 14 (20.6) | 31 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
Mortality | 85 (17.0) | 41 (60.3) | 44 (10.2) | < 0.001 |
HR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|
High NT-proBNP | 1.95 | 1.07–3.53 | 0.027 |
Age | 1.09 | 1.06–1.12 | < 0.001 |
hs-cTnT+ | 1.72 | 1.33–2.22 | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein | 1.04 | 1.02–1.07 | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2.77 | 1.50–5.12 | 0.001 |
NT-proBNP and one-year mortality
All Patients (n 499) | Alive (n 407) | Dead (n 92) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p* | |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Male sex | 259 (51.9) | 216 (53.1) | 43 (46.7) | 0.253 |
Age, yrs – median (IQR) | 66.0 [52.0–77.0] | 61.5 [50.0–73.0] | 82.0 [75.0–88.0] | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 – median (IQR) | 28.7 [25.6–32.8] | 28.7 [25.3–32.5] | 28.7 [26.2–33.7] | 0.562 |
Ever smoked | 107 (21.4) | 86 (21.1) | 21 (22.8) | 0.773 |
Hypertension | 245 (49.1) | 179 (43.9) | 66 (71.7) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 171 (34.3) | 127 (31.2) | 44 (47.8) | 0.004 |
Diabetes mellitus | 103 (20.6) | 70 (17.2) | 33 (35.9) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 32 (6.4) | 18 (4.4) | 14 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
Coronary heart disease | 36 (7.2) | 20 (4.94) | 16 (17.4) ) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 38 (7.6) | 20 (4.9) | 18 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
Chronic heart failure | 26 (5.2) | 12 (2.9) | 14 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 48 (9.6) | 24 (5.9) | 24 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 67 (13.4) | 48 (11.8) | 19 (20.7) | 0.035 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 15 (3.0) | 10 (2.5) | 5 (5.4) | 0.171 |
COPD | 39 (7.8) | 27 (6.6) | 12 (13.0) | 0.065 |
Laboratory blood tests – median [IQR] | ||||
Leukocytes, µL×10^3 | 6.50 [4.98–8.44] | 6.36 [4.90–8.05] | 8.00 [5.23–10.4] | 0.001 |
Lymphocytes, µL×10^3 | 1.06 [0.74–1.50] | 1.12 [0.81–1.55] | 0.76 [0.50–1.20] | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.90 [0.71–1.12] | 0.87 [0.68–1.06] | 1.09 [0.86–1.60] | < 0.001 |
Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.6 [12.3–14.6] | 13.8 [12.6–14.7] | 12.8 [11.2–14.0] | < 0.001 |
LDH, U/L | 287 [233–378] | 281 [229–359] | 380 [258–461] | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 7.8 [3.18–14.2] | 6.70 [2.90–12.6] | 11.7 [5.20–22.8] | < 0.001 |
D-Dimer, ng/mL | 700 [440–1232] | 640 [420–1065] | 1020 [690–2480] | < 0.001 |
hs-cTnT, ng/L | 0.00 [0.00-19.6] | 0.00 [0.00–14.0] | 31.0 [17.1–64.6] | < 0.001 |
NT-proBNP. pg/mL | 164 [42.7–514] | 109 [32.2–336] | 1264 [367–4717] | < 0.001 |
HR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|
High NT-proBNP | 2.69 | 1.47–4.89 | 0.001 |
Age | 1.08 | 1.06–1.11 | < 0.001 |
Need for non-invasive mechanical^ ventilation^ | 4.04 | 0.95–17.12 | 0.057 |
Need for invasive mechanical ventilation | 8.19 | 1.84–36.46 | 0.006 |
C-reactive protein | 1.02 | 1.00-1.05 | 0.034 |
NT-proBNP in survivors of the acute phase of COVID-19
All n 414 | High NT-proBNP n 27 | Low NT-proBNP n 387 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p* | |
Death or hospital readmission | 40 (9.7) | 5 (18.5) | 34 (8.8) | 0.095 |
Hospital readmission for any cause | 40 (9.7) | 4 (14.8) | 36 (9.3) | 0.350 |
Death | 7 (1.7) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (1.3) | 0.018 |